Keeping the Family Whole: The Jones Family’s Creative Quest for NDIS SDA Housing

Details

Parent Category: Articles

 

Keeping the Family Whole: The Jones Family’s Creative Quest for NDIS SDA Housing

In a perfect world, a family facing disability wouldn’t have to choose between specialist housing and staying together. For the Jones family — a husband and wife with their teenage daughter — that choice feels very real. The husband is eligible for NDIS Specialist Disability Accommodation (SDA) in the Fully Accessible category, in Australia's NDIS Specialist Disability Accomodation program, yet finding a home that works for all three of them has proven far harder than expected.

This is their story so far — and the practical, hopeful strategies they’re pursuing to build a future where accessibility doesn’t mean separation.

The Challenge: SDA Eligibility Meets Family Life

Under the NDIS, Fully Accessible SDA is designed for people with significant physical impairments, typically wheelchair users or those needing high levels of mobility support. These homes feature step-free entry, wide doorways and corridors, roll-in showers, adjustable benches, and space for assistive technology and support workers.

The problem? Traditional SDA models often assume group or individual living arrangements that don’t easily accommodate spouses and children. Many families are forced to consider separate housing, which fragments daily life, increases emotional strain, and adds logistical complexity — especially with a teenager still at home.

The Jones family refuses to accept that outcome. They want one property where they can live as a unit, with the husband’s SDA needs fully met and the wife and daughter comfortable and supported.

Practical Solutions on the Table

After months of searching, their support team (including the author of this piece) has narrowed the focus to three realistic pathways:

1. Building a new home from the ground up. This offers the greatest control. A purpose-designed home can incorporate Fully Accessible features throughout while creating private and shared family spaces. It’s the gold standard for compliance with the NDIS SDA Design Standard, but it requires suitable land, time, and capital, at Sydney's exorbitant prices.

2. Buying a new 3-bedroom apartment and retrofitting. Some newer apartments can be adapted by converting a bedroom into additional accessible circulation space or modifying wet areas. This provides a more compact, low-maintenance option in urban areas with good services. However, body corporate rules, lift access, and the cost of bringing an entire unit up to full SDA enrolment standards can face insurmountable hurdles.

3. The “House + Villa” model (currently gaining strong momentum). Buy a manageable existing house for the wife and daughter, then construct a compliant SDA villa (a standalone or semi-attached dwelling) at the rear of the property. The villa would be built and enrolled to Fully Accessible standards, providing the husband with dedicated, high-quality accommodation while keeping the family on the same block.

This approach is particularly promising. Australian planning rules in most states now support secondary dwellings (granny flats or accessory dwellings), though approvals vary by council and state. In many cases, a well-designed villa can be enrolled as SDA, delivering the funding and accessibility the husband needs without forcing the family apart.

Game-Changing Rule: Appendix H

A lesser-known but powerful provision is making family unity far more achievable: Appendix H in the NDIS SDA Pricing Arrangements.

Introduced and refined in recent years, Appendix H allows an SDA-eligible participant to live with non-SDA family members (spouse, children, partners) in a compliant dwelling. The NDIS adjusts funding to support the shared arrangement, recognising that accessibility should not require family separation.

This opens the door for the Jones family to potentially live all together in one high-quality, Fully Accessible home — or to use the house-plus-villa model with easy daily connection. It’s a quiet policy win that’s already helping many families stay intact.

Why This Matters Beyond One Family

The Jones family’s search highlights a broader gap in the NDIS housing landscape. While SDA has delivered excellent purpose-built homes for many participants, family-inclusive options remain limited. Creative solutions like on-site villas, thoughtful retrofits, and full use of Appendix H are showing what’s possible when families, support coordinators, builders, and planners collaborate.

For other families in similar situations, the message is clear:

• Start early with an SDA-experienced planner or advocate.
• Engage accredited SDA assessors, architects and specialist builders from the design stage.
• Understand your state’s rules on secondary dwellings — they’re more flexible than many realise.
• Explore ownership models, including working with SDA providers who support participant or family ownership.

The Search Continues — With Hope

The Jones family hasn’t found their perfect property yet, but they’re moving forward with determination and practical options on the table. Whether it’s a new build, a smart apartment conversion, or the house-plus-villa solution, they’re committed to a home that works for everyone.

Housing is more than bricks and mortar — it’s the foundation of family life, independence, and dignity. The Jones family’s story is a reminder that with creativity, persistence, and the right knowledge of NDIS rules, families don’t have to choose between specialist support and staying together.

We’ll keep following their journey. If you’re facing similar challenges, know that solutions exist — and you’re not alone in the search.

Names have been changed to protect privacy. This article is based on a real ongoing case and current NDIS rules as of 2026.

If you’re supporting a family through SDA housing challenges or navigating this yourself, feel free to reach out — stories like the Jones family’s help all of us learn and improve the system.

Being Excluded from Everyday Life: The Hidden Barriers Facing OKU in Malaysia

Details

Parent Category: Articles

Being Excluded from Everyday Life: The Hidden Barriers Facing OKU in Malaysia

Disability access Malaysia | OKU exclusion everyday life | Barrier-free Malaysia | Universal design barriers | OKU rights Malaysia 2026 | Wheelchair access audit Malaysia | Accessibility consultant services Malaysia Sydney Perth

For many Malaysians with disabilities (OKU/PwD), everyday life involves constant navigation around invisible – and sometimes very visible – walls. Simple tasks like going to the market, riding public transport, attending university classes, or joining family prayers can become exhausting ordeals due to systemic exclusion. Over 821,000 registered OKU nationwide face these challenges daily, compounded by attitudinal, environmental, and institutional barriers that limit full participation in society.

This exclusion is not just inconvenient; it erodes independence, dignity, and opportunity. Advocacy groups like Suara16% and OKU Rights Matter describe it as "compounded exclusion" – where early barriers in education lead to underrepresentation in employment, social life, and public spaces, creating a cycle that weakens families and communities.

Common Forms of Exclusion in Daily Malaysian Life

Physical and structural barriers remain the most immediate hurdles:

• Public Spaces and Walkways: Uneven pavements, missing kerb ramps, obstructed paths, and absent tactile paving force wheelchair users or those with mobility aids into traffic or off routes entirely. In urban areas like Kuala Lumpur and Penang, these issues persist despite existing Malaysian Standards (MS 1184 for universal design, MS 1183 for access).
• Public Transport: While free MyRailLife passes and some mobility vans exist under Budget 2026, many LRT/MRT stations and buses lack consistent wheelchair spaces, low-floor boarding, audible announcements, or reliable lifts. This turns commuting into a gamble, excluding many from jobs, healthcare, or social outings.
• Education and Campuses: Free tertiary education for OKU (announced January 2026) is a welcome step, but systemic issues linger – missing ramps, inaccessible labs/libraries, lack of reasonable accommodations (e.g., sign language interpreters, braille materials), and discriminatory admissions filtering. Suara16% highlights how barriers start early, leading to lower enrolment and graduation rates.
• Employment and Social Participation: Attitudinal stigma – narratives of "be grateful" or "don't demand too much" – combined with inaccessible workplaces and limited accommodations, keeps many in informal or no work. This isolation extends to cultural, recreational, and religious spaces, where exclusion from full participation reinforces marginalisation.
• Digital and Everyday Interactions: Limited accessible tech, poor inclusive language use, and lack of awareness create additional layers of exclusion in online services, banking, or community events.

These barriers align with the social model of disability: it's not the impairment alone, but societal design that disables full inclusion. As advocacy notes, "ableist attitudes and structures" turn potential into exclusion across generations.

The Human Impact: Stories of Daily Exclusion

OKU individuals often share how small oversights accumulate into profound isolation:

• A wheelchair user avoiding outings due to inaccessible shops or restaurants.
• A deaf student struggling with communication in multilingual classrooms lacking interpreters.
• Visually impaired individuals facing dangers from missing tactile paths or poor signage.
• Families hiding children with disabilities due to stigma, limiting social development.

The cost is high: higher mental health challenges, reduced economic contribution, and weakened national resilience. Yet universal design – ramps, wide doors, tactile features, priority seating – benefits everyone: elderly, parents with prams, delivery workers.

Breaking the Cycle: What Can Be Done Now

With Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 amendments expected in 2026 (including calls for transparency and enforcement), momentum exists for change:

1. Mandatory Access Audits: Regular professional assessments against MS 1183/MS 1184 to identify and prioritise fixes in buildings, transport, and public spaces.
2. Retrofits and Universal Design: Implement cost-effective features like 1:12 ramps, 900mm clear doors, accessible toilets, and braille signage – proven to enhance usability for all.
3. Awareness and Training: Educate stakeholders on OKU rights, assistance etiquette, and inclusive practices.
4. Advocacy and Policy Push: Support calls for enforceable standards, reasonable accommodations, and public input on amendments.

AccessConsultants.asia: Helping End Exclusion Through Practical Solutions

We specialise in practical, culturally sensitive accessibility consulting – always respectful of Malaysian contexts and local sensitivities. With Gary Finn's 40+ years of experience (NSW Architect #5774, ACAA #435) in inclusive design, group homes, Specialist Disability Accommodation, and heritage projects, we deliver cost-effective barrier-free infrastructure solutions. Our expanding Perth office supports regional needs, while Sydney expertise ensures high-standard audits.

Exclusion from everyday life doesn't have to be the norm. Proactive audits, universal design, and stronger enforcement create spaces where OKU – and all Malaysians – can participate fully and independently.

Call to Action: If barriers are limiting access in your building, campus, or space, book a free wheelchair access audit consultation at AccessConsultants.asia today. Professional services in Malaysia, Sydney, and Perth – let's build a more inclusive Malaysia together.

Sources: Suara16% (Jan 2026), OKU Rights Matter Project, CodeBlue reports, The Borneo Post, advocacy updates 2025-2026. SEO optimised for OKU exclusion everyday life, disability access Malaysia, barrier-free Malaysia, universal design barriers.

Enforcement Challenges: Malaysia vs Singapore vs Australia Accessibility Standards in the Built Environment

Details

Parent Category: Legislation

Enforcement Challenges: Malaysia vs Singapore vs Australia Accessibility Standards in the Built Environment

Disability access Malaysia | Accessibility enforcement Malaysia Singapore Australia | MS 1184 enforcement challenges | BCA Code accessibility Singapore | AS 1428 enforcement Australia | Barrier-free infrastructure compliance | Universal design enforcement issues | Wheelchair access audit Malaysia | Accessibility consultant services Malaysia Sydney Perth

Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia all maintain robust accessibility frameworks for the built environment, but enforcement approaches vary significantly in strength, consistency, and outcomes. Singapore's Code on Accessibility in the Built Environment 2025 (BCA, effective November 1, 2025) is mandatory and tightly integrated into approvals. Australia's AS 1428.1:2021 (Design for Access and Mobility) is referenced by the Disability (Access to Premises – Buildings) Standards 2010 (Premises Standards) under the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (DDA), making it effectively mandatory for new builds and major renovations via the National Construction Code (NCC). Malaysia's MS 1184:2014 (Universal Design and Accessibility – Code of Practice) supports the Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL) and Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 (PwD Act), but enforcement remains inconsistent despite strong guidelines.

These differences impact developers, architects, owners, and OKU/PwD communities. Singapore and Australia achieve higher baseline compliance through structured enforcement, while Malaysia faces gaps that advocacy seeks to close via 2026 PwD Act amendments.

Enforcement in Singapore: Mandatory, Proactive, and Consistent

Singapore's BCA Code is a legal requirement under the Building Control Act:

• Integrated into building approvals – non-compliance prevents TOP/CSC issuance.
• Regular inspections, stakeholder consultations, and 2025 updates enhance flexibility while maintaining strict access (e.g., ramps, tactile indicators).
• Strong industry adoption and resources minimize gaps.
• Challenges: Retrofits in older buildings can be costly, but overall enforcement is effective, supporting high inclusion levels.

Enforcement in Australia: Mandatory via Federal Standards, with State Variations

Australia's Premises Standards (2010, updated references to AS 1428.1:2021) make AS 1428 mandatory where triggered by the NCC/BCA:

• Applies to new buildings, major refurbishments, and public premises – compliance required for building certification.
• Enforced through state/territory building authorities, certifiers, and the Australian Human Rights Commission (via DDA complaints).
• Regular reviews (e.g., 2024 compilation updates) and deemed-to-satisfy provisions ensure clarity.
• Challenges: Inconsistent application in heritage buildings, "unjustifiable hardship" defences, awareness gaps among smaller owners, and complaints processes that can be resource-intensive for individuals with disabilities. Advocacy highlights ongoing barriers in existing structures despite strong new-build enforcement.

Enforcement Challenges in Malaysia: Strong Standards, Variable Implementation

Malaysia emphasizes universal design via MS 1184:2014 (tied to UBBL By-Law 34A) and PwD Act Section 26:

• Guidelines for approvals, but MS 1184 is often treated as a code of practice rather than strictly mandatory.
• Local authorities (e.g., DBKL) handle enforcement variably – limited inspections, penalties, or follow-up.
• PwD Act lacks robust penalties, timelines, and redress; described as "toothless" in advocacy.
• Systemic issues: Awareness gaps, retrofitting difficulties, and inconsistent audits lead to persistent barriers (e.g., uneven walkways, missing ramps).
• Advocacy push: Suara16% and others call for enforceable standards, transparency, and alignment with CRPD – 2026 amendments offer potential for stronger mechanisms.

Comparative Insights: Why the Differences Matter

• Singapore: Strict integration yields seamless compliance and inclusive outcomes.
• Australia: Federal mandates ensure high new-build standards, but heritage/existing buildings pose challenges similar to Malaysia's retrofits.
• Malaysia: Flexible approach allows adaptation but risks non-compliance due to weak follow-through – opportunities for improvement via amendments.

Universal design across all three benefits everyone – elderly, families, prams – with cost-effective long-term gains.

AccessConsultants.asia: Bridging Standards Across Malaysia, Sydney & Perth

As expert accessibility consultants, we deliver practical audits blending MS 1184 (Malaysia), BCA Code (Singapore insights), and AS 1428 (Australia) – culturally sensitive for Malaysian projects, high-spec for Sydney/Perth. Gary Finn's 40+ years (NSW Architect #5774, ACAA #435) in inclusive design ensures cost-effective barrier-free infrastructure solutions.

Whether navigating Malaysia's evolving enforcement, benchmarking against Singapore/Australia, or preparing for 2026 changes, proactive audits mitigate risks and foster inclusion.

Call to Action: Dealing with cross-border compliance or enforcement gaps? Book a free wheelchair access audit consultation at AccessConsultants.asia today. Professional services in Malaysia, Sydney, and Perth – let's achieve true accessibility.

Sources: BCA Code 2025, AS 1428.1:2021 & Premises Standards updates, MS 1184:2014, PwD Act analyses, advocacy reports (2025-2026), comparative studies. SEO optimised for accessibility enforcement Malaysia Singapore Australia, MS 1184 vs BCA vs AS 1428, barrier-free compliance challenges.

KL Walkways Still Unsafe for 760,000+ OKU: Enforcing Malaysian Standards for Barrier-Free Pedestrian Access 2026

Details

Parent Category: Articles

 

KL Walkways Still Unsafe for 760,000+ OKU: Enforcing Malaysian Standards for Barrier-Free Pedestrian Access 2026

Disability access Malaysia | Accessible streets KL 2026 | Walkability OKU Malaysia | Barrier-free pathways Kuala Lumpur | Kerb ramps Malaysia | Universal design pedestrian networks | Wheelchair access audit Malaysia | Accessibility consultant services Malaysia Sydney Perth

Kuala Lumpur's pedestrian pathways continue to pose serious challenges for Persons with Disabilities (OKU/PwD) and vulnerable groups. As highlighted in a recent opinion piece in The Sun Malaysia (February 3, 2026), uneven pavements, missing kerb ramps, obstructed pathways, dead-end walkways, and abruptly ending tactile blocks remain widespread issues in the city's urban environment.

These barriers are not isolated defects – they systematically exclude many from safe, independent mobility. With over 767,000 registered OKU nationwide (and a significant portion in the Klang Valley), inaccessible streets undermine daily participation, increase accident risks, and contradict Malaysia's commitments under the UNCRPD and national inclusion goals. People are effectively trapped in their own homes and excluded from participating in everyday life.

The call echoes the January 26-27, 2026 advocacy from ten civil society groups (including OKU-led organisations) urging Federal Territories Minister Hannah Yeoh to establish a dedicated Walkability, Universal Access and Connectivity Committee. This proposed panel would conduct regular accessibility audits, integrate universal design into city planning and maintenance, and collaborate with existing MP-led monitoring committees overseeing DBKL's Budget 2026. Despite the strong case – tying into Visit Malaysia Year 2026 for enhanced tourism and liveability – no formal response or establishment has been announced as of early February 2026.

Malaysian Standards Already in Place – Time for Enforcement

Malaysia has clear guidelines ready for implementation:

• MS 1184:2014 – Universal Design and Accessibility in the Built Environment (Code of Practice, second revision) – covers accessible routes, ramps (max 1:12 gradient), pathways (min 1200mm width), kerb ramps, tactile guidance, and guarding to prevent falls.
• MS 1183 – Fire safety provisions for persons with disabilities.
• MS 1331 – Access to outside buildings (predecessor elements integrated into MS 1184).

These standards mandate barrier-free pedestrian networks: smooth surfaces (no >5mm level changes), continuous tactile paving for visually impaired, adequate kerb ramps at crossings, unobstructed paths, and integration with public transport. Yet enforcement lags, leaving many walkways non-compliant and unsafe.

Enforcing these would deliver wide benefits: reduced traffic congestion (more people walking/public transport), lower accident rates, healthier lifestyles, and stronger tourism appeal for Visit Malaysia 2026.

Why a Dedicated Committee and Audits Are Essential Now

A Walkability, Universal Access and Connectivity Committee could:

• Systematically audit KL's pedestrian infrastructure.
• Ensure universal access is prioritised in DBKL planning, budgeting, and maintenance.
• Address root causes like uneven walkways, missing ramps, and obstructions.
• Align with broader goals for safer, inclusive cities.

Without dedicated oversight, barriers persist – forcing OKU into traffic hazards or limiting independence.

What Property Owners, Developers, Architects & Local Authorities Must Do NOW

1. Conduct Professional Access Audits: Baseline pathways, kerbs, and external routes against MS 1184/MS 1331. Identify trip hazards, missing tactile guidance, narrow sections, and non-compliant ramps.
2. Prioritise Retrofits: Install kerb ramps, continuous tactile paths, handrails where needed, and clear signage – cost-effective universal design improves usability for elderly, families with prams, and delivery workers too.
3. Engage Experts for Compliance: Secure accredited reports to support DBKL approvals and demonstrate readiness for potential committee-driven enforcement.
4. Advocate and Collaborate: Support calls for the committee – proactive involvement builds better outcomes.

AccessConsultants.asia: Expert Support for Barrier-Free KL Streets

We provide practical, culturally sensitive accessibility consulting – tailored to Malaysian urban contexts and local needs. Drawing on 40+ years of experience (NSW Architect #5774, ACAA #435) in inclusive design, group homes, Specialist Disability Accommodation, and heritage projects, we deliver cost-effective barrier-free infrastructure solutions. Our expanding Perth office supports regional compliance, with Sydney expertise ensuring high-standard audits transferable to KL's challenges.

Safer, accessible streets strengthen Kuala Lumpur for everyone. With ongoing advocacy and standards in hand, now is the time to act – audits and universal design upgrades create truly inclusive pedestrian networks.

Call to Action: Book a free wheelchair access audit consultation at AccessConsultants.asia today. Professional services in Malaysia (including KL focus), Sydney, and Perth – let's make walkways safe and barrier-free for all Malaysians.

Sources: The Sun Malaysia (Feb 3, 2026 op-ed "Ensuring safer streets and pathways for everyone"), Free Malaysia Today (Jan 26, 2026), Malaysiakini (Jan 27, 2026), related advocacy letters. SEO optimised for accessible streets KL 2026, walkability OKU Malaysia, barrier-free pathways Kuala Lumpur.

MAIWP RUN 2026 Shows Inclusion in Action: Extending Universal Design to Events and Public Spaces in Malaysia

Details

Parent Category: Articles

 

MAIWP RUN 2026 Shows Inclusion in Action: Extending Universal Design to Events and Public Spaces in Malaysia

Disability access Malaysia | OKU inclusion events Malaysia | MAIWP RUN 2026 Bikeisable | PwD accessible sports Malaysia | Universal design public events | Barrier-free venues Malaysia | Wheelchair access audit Malaysia | Accessibility consultant services Malaysia Sydney Perth

The MAIWP RUN 2026 (organised by Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan) delivered a powerful message of unity and inclusion on February 8, 2026, at Dataran Putrajaya. With 10,020 participants from diverse ethnicities, religions, and backgrounds – including runners from overseas – the fourth edition highlighted how events can bring communities together while actively celebrating Persons with Disabilities (OKU/PwD).

A standout feature was the dedicated Bikeisable category for persons with disabilities, allowing wheelchair users, mobility aid participants, and others to join in adapted formats (e.g., handcycles, assisted bikes, or inclusive running). Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department (Religious Affairs) Dr Zulkifli Hasan praised the event for promoting a healthy lifestyle alongside values of unity, discipline, and volunteerism. He noted that venues like Putrajaya are already disability-friendly, easing movement and ensuring safety – especially for children and families.

Persatuan Kasih OKU president Mohd Fadli Samad attended with his son Muhammad Emir Rizqi (10, cerebral palsy), symbolising community support and celebration of OKU participation. This inclusive approach aligns with Malaysia's broader push for OKU rights under the upcoming Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 amendments and CRPD commitments.

Why Inclusive Events Like MAIWP RUN Matter

Events are microcosms of society – when they welcome OKU through dedicated categories and accessible features, they normalise participation and challenge exclusion. Bikeisable shows that with thoughtful adaptations, physical activities become open to all, boosting confidence, health, and social bonds.

But true inclusion extends beyond the race start line. Venues must deliver barrier-free infrastructure:

• Smooth, wide pathways (min 1200mm) without trip hazards (>5mm level changes).
• Accessible entrances, ramps (1:12 gradient), and tactile paving.
• Designated rest areas, priority seating, and accessible toilets (per MS 1183/MS 1184).
• Clear signage, braille, and audio support for visually/hearing impaired.
• Emergency plans including OKU evacuation.

Putrajaya's disability-friendly design (wide paths, ramps, accessible facilities) made MAIWP RUN succeed – proving universal design works in practice.

The Broader Call: Universal Design for All Public Spaces and Events

While MAIWP RUN sets a great example, many Malaysian public spaces and events still lag:

• Missing kerb ramps or tactile paths at event venues.
• Inaccessible stages, viewing areas, or registration zones.
• Lack of accommodations like sign language interpreters or quiet spaces.

With advocacy for universal design Malaysia in walkways, transport, and buildings (e.g., ongoing KL walkability calls), events like this highlight the need for consistent standards. Enforcing MS 1184 across public events would benefit elderly attendees, families with prams, and everyone – creating safer, more equitable experiences.

What Event Organisers, Venue Managers & Authorities Must Do NOW

1. Conduct Access Audits: Baseline venues against MS 1183/MS 1184 – identify barriers in pathways, entrances, ablution areas (for religious events), and spectator zones.
2. Implement Inclusive Features: Add ramps, tactile guidance, priority access, and adaptive categories like Bikeisable.
3. Train Staff/Volunteers: On OKU rights, assistance etiquette, and safe support.
4. Plan for Compliance: Prepare for PwD Act amendments 2026 – audits ensure readiness.

AccessConsultants.asia: Supporting Inclusive Events and Spaces in Malaysia, Sydney & Perth

We deliver practical, culturally sensitive accessibility consulting – tailored to Malaysian contexts, always respectful of local sensitivities. Gary Finn's 40+ years of experience (NSW Architect #5774, ACAA #435) in inclusive design, group homes, Specialist Disability Accommodation, and heritage projects ensures cost-effective barrier-free infrastructure solutions. Our expanding Perth office supports multi-state needs, with Sydney expertise transferable to high-standard event audits.

MAIWP RUN 2026 proves inclusion in action – let's extend that spirit to every public space and event. Proactive universal design builds welcoming environments for all Malaysians.

Call to Action: Planning an event or managing a venue? Book a free wheelchair access audit consultation at AccessConsultants.asia today. Professional services in Malaysia, Sydney, and Perth – let's make inclusion the standard.

Sources: Bernama (Feb 8, 2026), related reports on MAIWP RUN participation and Bikeisable category. SEO optimised for MAIWP RUN 2026 Bikeisable, OKU inclusion events Malaysia, PwD accessible sports Malaysia, universal design public events.